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    <div id="tip_area"><p id="tip_article">济宁医学院精神卫生学院英语翻译竞赛参评译文</p></div>
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            <div class="studentcn article">
                <p class="author_tip">XS 同学译文</p>
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                <p class="author_tip">英文原文</p>
                <p class="article_title">Look of Love</p>
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            <div class="teachercn article">
                <p class="author_tip">W 老师修改的译文</p>
                <p class="article_title">爱的眼神</p>
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                <p>在人类社会还有什么比沉着坚定的眼神更为有力呢？以前有个粗心的司机在开进加油站的时候险些撞到我和我婴儿车里不会走路的女儿，我当时慌乱气愤极了，不过我只是平静地盯着她，什么也没说，也没打手势。“你看什么看？”她吼道。这也难怪，事实上人类作为一个种群都是以视觉为导向并且群居的,要是我们对别人的神色没有反应那才怪了。</p>
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                <p>Is there anything more powerful in human society than a steady gaze? I once, for instance, completely flustered and enraged a careless driver who nearly ran over my then toddler and stroller-riding infant daughters and me as she rolled into a gas station simply by calmly staring at her. I didn't say a word or make a gesture. "What are you looking at?!" she yelled. It's no wonder, actually: humans are so visually oriented and so social as a species, it would be surprising if we did not respond to the looks of others.</p>
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                <p>人类社会还有什么比坚定的凝视更有力呢？例如，曾有个粗心的司机在开进加油站的时候险些压到我的当时刚会走路的和骑坐在婴儿车里还是婴儿的两个女儿还有我，我慌乱气愤极了，不过我只是冷静地盯着她，既没说什么也没做什么。“你看什么看？”她吼道。这也难怪，的确，人类这个物种是高度视觉导向和高度社会化的，要是我们对别人的眼色没反应那才怪了。</p>
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                <p>凝视对方的眼睛,然后,自然会对大部分社会活动有很强的影响，创建一个个人,当我们爱上另一个人，与他共享约定。正如心理学家和特约编辑罗伯特·艾泼斯坦写在封面故事,“科学如何帮助你坠入爱河,“相互凝视的关系胶结作用是被研究人员有据可查的。爱普斯坦的发人深省的文章涉及了他一些有趣的与研究对象和其他人的经历的例子。谁说科学不是性感吗?转到页26更多。</p>
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                <p>Peering into each other's eyes, then, naturally has a strong influence on that most social of activities: creating a personal, shared bond as we fall in love with another. As psychologist and contributing editor Robert Epstein writes in the cover story, "How Science Can Help You Fall in Love," the relationship-cementing effect of mutual gazing is well documented by researchers. Epstein relates some fascinating examples of his experiences with study subjects and others in his thought-provoking article. Who says science isn't sexy? Turn to page 26 for more.</p>
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                <p>那么，相互凝视眼睛自然会对行动中最具社会性的方面有很强的影响：能建立私密的、共同的密切关系，如我们与另一人相爱时。就像心理学家和特约编辑罗伯特·艾泼斯坦在封面故事,“科学如何能帮助你坠入爱河”中写的,相互凝视加深关系的作用已被研究者们充分证明。爱普斯坦在他的启发思考的文章中，将他经历的有趣例子与研究被试和其他事例一一道来。谁说科学不性感？详见26页。</p>
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                <p>一旦你找到你的幸福,你怎么保持在过去的数十年里的激情呢?这是健康顾问和作家Suzann Pileggi说的有特征的主题“幸福的夫妻”。 作为一个最近庆祝自己结婚二十年的我,我很想找出我是怎样在无意中发现了这一成就所需的成分。Pileggi显示,当你的伙伴他或她遭受坏消息或一个健康危机时陪伴是不够的。当你所爱的人得到好消息时温暖和支持甚至更关键。如果它足够频繁发生,一句看似中性的“真好,亲爱的”对你的好消息的回应是压制浪漫的甚至严重影响长期关系。在我看来，我的丈夫也有教我,没说什么特别的,一部分夫妻如何思考这个问题，而不是个别几个，通过为了我们两来工作努力。翻到34页找到更多成功的秘密为夫妻。</p>
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                <p>Once you find your bliss, how do you maintain that passion over the decades? That is the subject of the feature "The Happy Couple," by wellness consultant and writer Suzann Pileggi. As a person who recently celebrated 20 years of marriage myself, I was curious to find out how I've apparently stumbled on the ingredients necessary for this achievement. As Pileggi shows, it is not enough to be there for your partner when he or she suffers bad news or a health crisis. It's even more critical to be warm and supportive when your loved one gets good news. If it happens frequently enough, a seemingly neutral "That's nice, honey" to your main squeeze's good news can squelch romantic fires, crippling rapport over the long term. In my case, my husband also has taught me, without saying anything specifically, how to think as part of a couple, rather than an individual, by always acting in ways that work best for both of us. Flip to page 34 to find more secrets of success for couples.</p>
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                <p>一旦你找到你的幸福,你怎样在数十年里保持这种激情呢？这是特辑中健康顾问和作家Suzann Pileggi的“幸福的夫妻”中的主题。 作为刚庆祝了结婚二十年的我自己,我很想弄清我怎么就显然是无意中发现了这一成就所需的成分呢。就像Pileggi显示的,仅在你的伴侣他或她因坏消息或健康危机痛苦时陪伴是不够的。当你所爱的人得到好消息时热情和支持甚至更关键。对你的重大好消息只是回应一句看似中性的“挺好,亲爱的”，如果经常发生，就能在长时间里熄灭浪漫的火焰、削弱亲密的关系。就我而言，我丈夫也曾教育我，但并没专门说什么，而是通过总是对我们两个最好的行为方式，使我知道怎样从夫妻角度而不是个人角度去思考。翻到34页了解更多夫妻间成功的秘密。</p>
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                <p class="article_title">关于亲密的研究</p>
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                <p class="article_title">Studies in Intimacy</p>
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                <p class="article_title">关于亲密的研究</p>
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                <p>几十种科学研究表明人们是怎样陷入爱河的 — 和构建良好的人际关系的暗示技术，这里有10种调查有助于激发爱的一项新的研究。</p>
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                <p>Dozens of scientific studies illuminate how people fall in love—and hint at techniques for building strong relationships. Here are 10 kinds of investigations that are helping to inspire a new technology of love.</p>
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                <p>许多科学研究揭示了人们是怎样相爱的 — 也提示了建立稳固关系的一些技术，下面是10种调查有助于激发新的恋爱技能。</p>
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                <p>1.觉醒。科学研究如石溪大学的心理学家阿瑟·阿隆表明人们倾向于结合感情，唤醒，说话,通过运动,冒险或暴露于危险的情况。过山车,任何人都喜欢吗?看恋爱锻炼请翻到第29页。</p>
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                <p>1 Arousal. Studies by researchers such as psychologist Arthur Aron of Stony Brook University show that people tend to bond emotionally when aroused, say, through exercise, adventures or exposure to dangerous situations. Roller coaster, anyone? See the Falling in Love exercise on page 29.</p>
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                <p>1.激励。研究人员如石溪大学的心理学家阿瑟·阿隆所做的研究表明，当被激励时，比如说通过运动、冒险或接触危险情景，人们往往会在感情上亲近。过山车,还是别的? 见29页练习题相爱。</p>
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                <p>2.接近性和熟悉性。斯坦福大学的社会心理学家Leon Festinger和罗伯特·扎乔克和其他人研究推断只是周围的人往往产生积极的情感。当两人有意识地并故意让对方侵犯自己的个人空间,感情的亲密可以快速成长。请翻开第29页。</p>
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                <p>2 Proximity and familiarity. Studies by Stanford University social psychologists Leon Festinger and Robert Zajonc and others conclude that simply being around someone tends to produce positive feelings. When two people consciously and deliberately allow each other to invade their personal space, feelings of intimacy can grow quickly. See the Let Me Inside exercise on page 29.</p>
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                <p>2.接近和熟悉。斯坦福大学社会心理学家Leon Festinger和罗伯特·扎乔克和其他人的研究得出，单是在某人的周围往往就能产生积极的感受。当两人有意识地、有意地让对方进入自己的个人空间,亲密感可以快速增加。见29页练习题让我接近。</p>
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                <p>3.相似性。相反有时有吸引的作用,但研究通过行为经济学家丹.艾瑞里的杜克大学和麻省理工学院其他人表明,人们通常倾向于与那些出双入对且与自己相似的人。在智力、背景和吸引力水平下，有些研究甚至表明,仅仅通过模仿某人能增加亲密感。想看猴子爱锻炼请翻到第29页。</p>
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                <p>3 Similarity. Opposites sometimes attract, but research by behavioral economist Dan Ariely of Duke University and the Massachusetts Institute of Technology and others shows that people usually tend to pair off with those who are similar to themselves—in intelligence, background and level of attractiveness. Some research even suggests that merely imitating someone can increase closeness. See the Monkey Love exercise on page 29.</p>
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                <p>3.相似。相反有时相吸,但杜克大学和麻省理工学院行为经济学家丹.艾瑞里和其他人的研究表明,人们通常倾向和那些与自己类似的人（在智力、背景和吸引力水平）成双成对。有些研究甚至提示,仅仅模仿某人就能增加亲密感。见29页猴相爱练习。</p>
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                <p>4.幽默感。婚姻顾问和研究人员珍妮特和罗伯特·劳尔显示，在1986年,在长期的、快乐的关系中，合作伙伴能让对方多很多笑声。其他研究表明,女性经常寻找可以让他们开怀大笑的男性伴侣。可能是因为当我们在笑时，我们会降低防备，你知道一些好的笑话吗？</p>
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                <p>4 Humor. Marriage counselors and researchers Jeanette and Robert Lauer showed in 1986 that in long-term, happy relationships, partners make each other laugh a lot. Other research reveals that women often seek male partners who can make them laugh—possibly because when we are laughing, we feel vulnerable. Know any good jokes?</p>
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                <p>4.幽默。婚姻顾问和研究者珍妮特和罗伯特·劳尔1986年就显示，长期、愉快的关系中，伴侣间常使对方欢笑。其他研究表明,女性常寻找可以让他们欢笑的男性伴侣 — 可能是因为当我们笑时，我们会降低防备。知道什么好笑话吗？</p>
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                <p>5.新奇。佛罗里达州立大学的心理学家格雷格强劲，阿伦和其他人已经表明, 当人们做新的事时他们倾向于变得亲密。新奇的事物能增强感觉,也让人敞开心扉。</p>
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                <p>5 Novelty. Psychologist Greg Strong of Florida State University, Aron and others have shown that people tend to grow closer when they are doing something new. Novelty heightens the senses and also makes people feel vulnerable.</p>
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                <p>5.新奇。佛罗里达州立大学的心理学家格雷格 斯特朗、阿伦和其他人已经表明, 当人们做新的事时他们倾向于变得亲密。新奇增强感觉,也让人敞开心扉。</p>
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                <p>6.压抑。数以百万计的关系有可能都开始于一杯酒。压抑能阻止脆弱的感觉，因此，减少压抑确实可以帮助人们更亲近。醉酒，是致盲的和使人衰弱的。想了解取代酒的方法请翻到29页，我们进行一项锻炼时试着用两项锻炼。</p>
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                <p>6 Inhibitions. Countless millions of relationships have probably started with a glass of wine. Inhibitions block feelings of vulnerability, so lowering inhibitions can indeed help people bond. Getting drunk, however, is blinding and debilitating. Instead of alcohol, try the Two as One exercise on page 29.</p>
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                <p>6.抑制。数以百万计的关系可能都起始于一杯酒。抑制能阻止身不由己的感觉，因此，降低抑制确实可以帮助人们亲近。但是喝醉使人盲目使人衰弱。不用喝酒，试试29页的二合一练习。</p>
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                <p>7.善良、住宿和宽恕。各种各样的研究证实,我们倾向于亲近善良、敏感、体贴的人。当有人故意且非常迅速地改变他或她的行为时 ，可能会产生爱的感觉，话说，他或她会通过戒烟或戒酒来顺应我们的要求。原谅经常导致相互结合，因为当一个人原谅时，另一个人会深感愧疚。</p>
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                <p>7 Kindness, accommodation and forgiveness. A variety of studies confirm that we tend to bond to people who are kind, sensitive and thoughtful. Feelings of love can emerge especially quickly when someone deliberately changes his or her behavior—say, by giving up smoking or drinking—to accommodate our needs. Forgiveness often causes mutual bonding, because when one forgives, one shows vulnerability.</p>
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                <p>7.善良、谦让和宽容。各种各样的研究证实,我们倾向于亲近善良、细心、体贴的人。当有人有意地改变他或她的行为 — 比如说，戒烟或戒酒— 来适应我们的需要，爱的感觉会迅速产生。宽容常会使彼此亲近，因为当一个人宽容时，另一个人会表现歉疚。</p>
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                <p>8.触摸和性。最简单的触摸可以产生温暖，积极的感觉，比如按摩可以使工作更有效。甚至非常接近某人实际上没碰到的情况下也会有影响。伊利诺斯州立大学的研究社会心理学家苏珊等人,也显示，性,可以让人心理上感到更加亲近,尤其是对女性。这里有一个误区，就是混淆性吸引力与爱的感觉。你不可能在不知道他或她的情况下爱一个人，而吸引则是在不了解的情况下，所以会使人对他们伴侣的重要特征看不清。</p>
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                <p>8 Touch and sexuality. The simplest touch can produce warm, positive feelings, and a backrub can work wonders. Even getting very near someone without actually touching can have an effect. Studies by social psychologist Susan Sprecher of Illinois State University, among others, also show that sexuality can make people feel closer emotionally, especially for women. There is danger here, however: confusing sexual attraction with feelings of love. You cannot love someone without knowing him or her, and attraction blinds people to important characteristics of their partner.</p>
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                <p>8.触摸和性。最简单的触摸可以产生温暖，积极的感觉，按摩背部效果更佳。甚至非常接近某人而实际没接触也有效。伊利诺斯州立大学的社会心理学家研究Susan Sprecher的研究以及其他研究还显示，性可以使人感情亲近，特别是女性。但是这里的危险是混淆了性吸引与爱情。你不可能爱一个你不了解的人，而吸引则会使人们对他们伴侣的重要特点视而不见。</p>
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                <p>9.自我表露。研究由阿伦,Sprecher和其他人表明,人们倾向于与那些和他们互相分享秘密的人亲近。再次申明,这里的关键是允许自己是脆弱的。想看这个秘密交换游戏请翻到第29页。</p>
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                <p>9 Self-disclosure. Research by Aron, Sprecher and others indicates that people tend to bond when they share secrets with each other. Once again, the key here is allowing oneself to be vulnerable. See the Secret Swap exercise on page 29.</p>
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                <p>9.自我表露。Aron, Sprecher和其他人的研究表明,相互分享秘密的人往往亲近。同样,这里的关键是让自己不要太设防。见29页秘密交换练习。</p>
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                <p>10.承诺。我们不善于尊重我们在美国的关系承诺,但通过Arriaga普渡大学研究人员如心理学家希梅娜建议，承诺是建筑爱的一个重要的元素，人的承诺有不同的解释，他们的伙伴的行为有更多的负面评价，一方面,随着时间的流逝可能是致命的。契约婚姻——目前一个只有在亚利桑那,阿肯色州和路易斯安那州是一种新型的婚姻的合法的选项 (产生于福音派基督教运动)它涉及一个非常坚定的承诺：夫妇同意婚前咨询和有限的理由离婚。传统的婚姻在美国可以轻易被解散,即使没有特定的合法原因(所谓的无过错离婚)。</p>
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                <p>10 Commitment. We are not that good at honoring our relationship commitments in the U.S., but studies by researchers such as psychologist Ximena Arriaga of Purdue University suggest that commitment is an essential element in building love. People whose commitments are shaky interpret their partners' behavior more negatively, for one thing, and that can be deadly over time. Covenant marriage—currently a legal option only in Arizona, Arkansas and Louisiana—is a new kind of marriage (emerging from the evangelical Christian movement) involving a very strong commitment: couples agree to premarital counseling and limited grounds for divorce. Conventional marriage in America can be abandoned easily, even without specific legal cause (the so-called no-fault divorce).</p>
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                <p>10.承诺。在美国我们不那么善于履行我们的关系承诺,但研究人员比如普渡大学心理学家Ximena Arriaga所做的研究显示，营造爱情的一个重要元素是承诺。首先，其承诺不靠谱的人，对其伴侣的行为解释多为负面的，而这最终可以是破坏性的。契约婚姻 —目前只在亚利桑那、阿肯色和路易斯安那州是合法选择— 是一种新型婚姻(起源于福音派基督教运动)，包括一个非常严格的承诺：夫妇同意婚前的建议和有限的离婚条件。传统婚姻在美国可以轻易被解除,甚至不需明确的法律原因(所谓的无过错离婚)。</p>
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                <p class="article_title">矫枉过正</p>
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                <p class="article_title">Overdoing It</p>
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                <p class="article_title">过分投入</p>
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                <p>最近人们把“瘾”当作飞盘一样寻常的东西围着它转。但就算你把它称作有害附件，人们还是花越来越多的时间在社交网络上，甚至有些陷入麻烦。在这种背景下，尼尔森在线报道说美国有70万Facebook用户花了2.33亿小时在这上面，在2009年4月，由去年4月份的23万会员使用的28000000小时以百分之一百七十五的人均使用率在迅速增长。而根据波士顿Nucleus Research公司的一项研究，最狂热的用户每天在网站上花费两个小时，而同时他们在工作单位提高了企业成本，其员工总的办公效率仅仅只是访问Facebook的1.5％。</p>
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            <div class="english article">
                <p>These days people toss around the term "addiction" as casually as they would a Frisbee. But whatever you call an unhealthy attachment, people are spending ever more time on social networks, and some are getting into trouble over it. For context, Nielson Online reports that the 70 million Facebook members in the U.S. spent 233 million hours on the site in April 2009, up from 28 million hours by 23 million members the previous April—a 175 percent increase in per capita usage. And according to a study by Nucleus Research in Boston, the most avid users are spending two hours a day on the site while they are at work—helping to cost companies whose employees can access Facebook 1.5 percent of total office productivity.</p>
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                <p>最近人们反复谈论成瘾这个词，就像对待飞盘似的那么随意。但是不管你把一种不健康的迷恋称作什么，人们花在社交网络上的时间正在越来越多，有些人为此正陷入麻烦。就背景形势来看，据尼尔森在线报道，2009年4月美国有7千万脸谱网会员在该网站花去了2.33亿小时，而上年4月份是2千3百万会员使用了2千8百万小时—人均使用率增加了175%。根据波士顿核心研究公司的一项研究，最迷恋的用户每天上班时在网站上花费两个小时—帮助那些雇员能上脸谱网的公司消耗了整个办公生产力的1.5%。</p>
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                <p>社交网络如此火热也不足为奇。像电视，视频游戏和其他形式的电子媒体，社交网络提供精湛即时的满足感。社交媒体集团麻省理工主任朱迪思_多纳特在科技媒体研究所说：“社交网络提供了很多不需要太多努力就能收到回报的精神小奖励。”这些奖励作为颠簸的能量，补给强迫引擎，就像一个赌徒战栗作为一个新的卡接收命中表。逐渐的，这种强有力的效果变得难以抗拒。</p>
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            <div class="english article">
                <p>It is no mystery why social networks have such a pull. Like television, video games and other forms of electronic media, social networks are superb at delivering instant gratification. Judith Donath, director of the Sociable Media Group at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology’s Media Lab, says: "Social networking provides a series of mini mental rewards that don't require much effort to receive.” These rewards serve as jolts of energy that recharge the compulsion engine, much like the frisson a gambler receives as a new card hits the table. Cumulatively, the effect is potent and hard to resist.</p>
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            <div class="teachercn article">
                <p>社交网络如此有吸引力不足为奇。就像电视，视频游戏和其他形式的电子媒体，社交网络提供即时满足十分方便。麻省理工学院媒体实验室社交媒体组主任Judith Donath说：“社交网络提供了一系列的不需要太多努力就能得到的微小心理奖赏。” 这些奖赏作为能量波为强迫引擎再充电，很像一个赌徒看到一张新牌甩到桌上后受到一震。逐渐的，这种效应强化进而难以抵抗。</p>
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                <p>大多数人在社交网站上多花一点时间也不会危害他们的心理。对于他们来说，每天两个小时在Facebook上可能就相当于在电视机前的两个小时不到。但是人们现在有了这种强迫性人格，于是在家庭和工作中造成的不良后果快速增长。洛杉矶加州大学的神经学家，iBrain 的作者加里.小说，“有强迫倾向的人容易患一系列的成瘾行为。人类思维受科技的影响，科技会加快人的强迫心理过程。“[见”满足您_iBrain，“由加里小梁咏琪沃尔冈“科学美国人”心灵，2008_10_/11_在美国，组的风险是相当大的：50成人有一些强迫症_程度]</p>
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            <div class="english article">
                <p>Most people will not imperil their psyches if they spend a little more time on social-networking sites. For them, two hours a day on Facebook may simply mean two hours less in front of the TV. But for people who bring a compulsive personality to the keyboard, those hours can grow rapidly, setting off a cascade of bad consequences at home and work. "Someone with obsessive-compulsive tendencies is predisposed to a range of addictive behaviors," says neuroscientist Gary Small of the University of California, Los Angeles, and author of iBrain: Surviving the Technological Alteration of the Human Mind. "Technology has a way of accelerating the compulsive process." [See "Meet Your iBrain," by Gary Small and Gigi Vorgan; Scientific American Mind, October/November 2008.] In the U.S., the group at risk is pretty big: one in 50 adults has some degree of obsessive-compulsive disorder.</p>
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            <div class="teachercn article">
                <p>大多数人在社交网站上多花一点时间不会危及他们的心理。对他们来说，每天上脸谱网两小时可能只是意味着在电视前少了两小时。但对将强迫人格带到键盘上的人来说，上网时间会快速增多，给家庭和工作带来一系列的不良后果。洛杉矶加州大学的神经科学家、也是《被影响的脑：适应于技术对人脑的改变》一书的作者Gary Small说，有强迫倾向的人易于染上种种成瘾行为，技术能加速强迫过程。（见Gary Small and Gigi Vorgan的文章，“了解你的被影响的脑，”科学美国人 心理，2008 10/11）。在美国，有风险人群相当大：50个成人中就有一人有某种程度的强迫障碍。</p>
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